變頻器原理
文(wen)章出處：雷天責任(ren)編(bian)輯：Admin
發表時間：2022-07-29
無論是用(yong)(yong)于(yu)家(jia)庭還(huan)是用(yong)(yong)于(yu)工廠，單相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和三(san)相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)均按各(ge)國(guo)的(de)(de)規(gui)定有一(yi)定的(de)(de)標(biao)準，如我(wo)國(guo)大(da)陸規(gui)定，直接用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)單相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為220V，三(san)相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為380V，頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)為50Hz，其它(ta)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)可能與我(wo)國(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)不同，如有單相100V/60Hz，三(san)相200V/60Hz等(deng)等(deng)，標(biao)準的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)叫工頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
通常，把電(dian)壓和頻(pin)率(lv)固定(ding)不變的工(gong)頻(pin)交流(liu)電(dian)變換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)壓或頻(pin)率(lv)可(ke)變的交流(liu)電(dian)的裝置(zhi)稱作(zuo)“變頻(pin)器”。為(wei)了產生可變(bian)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻(pin)率，該設備首先要把電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)變(bian)換為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)（DC），這個過程叫(jiao)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。
一(yi)般逆(ni)變(bian)器是把直流電(dian)源逆(ni)變(bian)為一(yi)定(ding)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)和一(yi)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的逆(ni)變(bian)電(dian)源。對于逆(ni)變(bian)電(dian)源頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)和電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可調的逆(ni)變(bian)器我們(men)稱為變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器。變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調(diao)速器。對(dui)于主(zhu)要(yao)用在儀器儀表的檢測設備(bei)中的波(bo)形(xing)要(yao)求較高的可(ke)變頻(pin)(pin)率逆變器，要(yao)對(dui)波(bo)形(xing)進行(xing)整理，可(ke)以(yi)輸出標準的正弦波(bo)，叫變頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)源。一般變頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)源是變頻(pin)(pin)器價格的15－－20倍。
變頻(pin)器(qi)也可用(yong)于(yu)家電(dian)產品(pin)。使用(yong)變頻(pin)器(qi)的(de)家電(dian)產品(pin)中(zhong)，不僅有(you)(you)電(dian)機（例如空調等），還(huan)有(you)(you)熒(ying)光燈(deng)等產品(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制的變頻(pin)器(qi)，既可以改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，又(you)可以改變頻(pin)率(lv)。但(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)熒光燈(deng)的變頻(pin)器(qi)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的頻(pin)率(lv)。變頻(pin)器(qi)的工作原理被廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)各(ge)個(ge)領域(yu)。例(li)如(ru)計算機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在該項應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中，變頻(pin)器(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)抑制反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率(lv)的波動(dong)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的瞬間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器主要(yao)采用交(jiao)—直(zhi)—交(jiao)方(fang)式（VVVF變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)或矢量控(kong)制變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)），先把工頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源通過整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器轉換成直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源，然后再將直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源轉換成頻(pin)(pin)率、電(dian)壓(ya)均可(ke)控(kong)制的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源以供給電(dian)動(dong)機。
變(bian)頻器主要由整流(liu)（交流(liu)變(bian)直流(liu)）、濾波(bo)、逆變(bian)（直流(liu)變(bian)交流(liu)）、制動(dong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、驅動(dong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)、檢測(ce)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)微處理(li)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)等組成的。